All compounds

Lipidated synthetic peptide (structure not reproduced here)

Once-weekly triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors

Investigational drug

Tirzepatide

39-amino-acid linear peptide with a C20 fatty diacid side chain

Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity

MOTS-c

Mitochondria-encoded peptide studied for metabolism and exercise capacity

MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR

SLU-PP-332

Small molecule (not a peptide)

Synthetic estrogen-related receptor agonist studied as an exercise mimetic in mice

5-Amino-1MQ

C10H11N2+ (small molecule, not a peptide)

NNMT enzyme inhibitor studied for fat metabolism in mice

Cagrilintide

Acylated analogue of the 37-amino-acid hormone amylin, modified for a once-weekly half-life

Once-weekly amylin analogue studied for weight loss, alone and with semaglutide

Investigational drug

Tesofensine

C17H23Cl2NO (small molecule, not a peptide)

Triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor studied for appetite and weight loss

CBL-514

Small molecule, not a peptide; structure not fully published

Injectable small molecule in phase 3 trials for reducing local fat

Investigational drug

Tissue repair and recovery

BPC-157

Gastric-protein fragment studied for tendon, gut and soft-tissue healing in animals

GEPPPGKPADDAGLV

TB-500

Ac-LKKTEEQ (common fragment form)

Synthetic version of the actin-binding region of thymosin beta-4

KPV

Three-amino-acid fragment of alpha-MSH studied for gut inflammation

KPV

GHK-Cu

Copper-binding tripeptide from human plasma, widely used in skincare

GHK bound to Cu²⁺

ARA-290

Erythropoietin-derived peptide that targets tissue repair without raising red cells

pE-EQLERALNSS

Growth hormone axis

Ipamorelin

Aib-His-D-2Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂

Selective growth hormone secretagogue acting on the ghrelin receptor

CJC-1295 without DAC

Y(D-Ala)DAIFTQSYRKVLAQLSARKLLQDILSR-NH₂

Stabilized short-acting analog of growth hormone releasing hormone

Sermorelin

YADAIFTNSYRKVLGQLSARKLLQDIMSR-NH₂

The first 29 amino acids of natural GHRH

Formerly FDA-approved

Tesamorelin

trans-3-hexenoyl-YADAIFTNSYRKVLGQLSARKLLQDIMSRQQGESNQERGARARL-NH₂

Full-length GHRH analog approved to reduce abdominal fat in HIV lipodystrophy

MK-677

C27H36N4O5S (small molecule, not a peptide)

Oral, non-peptide ghrelin-receptor agonist that raises growth hormone and IGF-1

Mitochondrial and cellular

SS-31

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, approved for Barth syndrome

D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂

C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ (dinucleotide, not a peptide)

NAD+

Coenzyme

Essential coenzyme for energy metabolism and DNA repair

Glutathione

Tripeptide

The body's main intracellular antioxidant

γ-Glu-Cys-Gly

Neuro and sleep

Semax

ACTH-derived peptide registered in Russia for stroke and cognitive disorders

MEHFPGP

Approved outside the US

Selank

Tuftsin-derived peptide registered in Russia as an anti-anxiety agent

TKPRPGP

Approved outside the US

DSIP

Nine-amino-acid peptide first isolated from sleeping rabbits

WAGGDASGE

Peptide-derived small molecule

Dihexa

Angiotensin IV analog studied in rats for memory and new synapse formation

Modified fragment of angiotensin IV (hexanoic acid, tyrosine, isoleucine and an aminohexanoic amide)

Longevity and immune

Epithalon

Synthetic tetrapeptide based on a pineal gland extract

AEDG

Thymosin Alpha-1

Ac-SDAAVDTSSEITTKDLKEKKEVVEEAEN

Thymus-derived immune peptide approved in many countries outside the US

Approved outside the US

Melanocortin and reproductive

Melanotan 1

Ac-SYS(Nle)EH(D-Phe)RWGKPV-NH₂

Alpha-MSH analog approved as an implant for a light-sensitivity disorder

Melanotan 2

Ac-Nle-cyclo[DH(D-Phe)RWK]-NH₂

Cyclic, non-selective melanocortin agonist with no approved use

PT-141

Ac-Nle-cyclo[DH(D-Phe)RWK]-OH

Melanocortin agonist approved for low sexual desire in premenopausal women

Kisspeptin

YNWNSFGLRF-NH₂ (kisspeptin-10)

Hypothalamic peptide that switches on the reproductive hormone axis

Cobalt-containing corrinoid (not a peptide)

Nutrients and cofactors

Vitamin B12

Vitamin

Essential vitamin for nerve function and red blood cell production

L-Carnitine

Amino acid derivative

Nutrient that shuttles fatty acids into mitochondria

C₇H₁₅NO₃ (not a peptide)

Mixture of nutrients (not a peptide)

MIC + B12

Nutrient blend

Lipotropic nutrient mix often paired with vitamin B12

Blends

BPC-157 + TB-500

Two repair peptides combined in one vial

BPC-157 + TB-500

Glow

BPC-157 + TB-500 + GHK-Cu

Repair blend with the copper peptide GHK-Cu added

KLOW

BPC-157 + TB-500 + GHK-Cu + KPV

Four-part blend that adds the anti-inflammatory tripeptide KPV to Glow

CJC-1295 (no DAC) + Ipamorelin

CJC-1295 without DAC + Ipamorelin

GHRH analog paired with a ghrelin-receptor agonist

Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin

Full-length GHRH analog paired with ipamorelin

Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin

Selank + Semax

Two Russian-developed neuropeptides combined in one vial

Selank + Semax

Super Human Blend

L-carnitine + L-citrulline + L-arginine + L-ornithine + N-acetyl-L-cysteine + L-lysine + L-proline + Taurine + L-glutamine

Liquid blend of L-carnitine and eight amino acids

Super Shred

L-carnitine + MIC (methionine, inositol, choline) + Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) + Albuterol + Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin)

Liquid blend of L-carnitine, MIC, ATP, B12 and the asthma drug albuterol